Rubella is a mild illness which may present few or no symptoms. Symptoms may include a rash, slight fever, joint aches, headache, discomfort, runny nose, sore throat and reddened eyes.
The rash, which may be itchy, first appears on the face and progresses from head to foot, lasting about three days. As many as half of all rubella cases occur without a rash. Complications occur more frequently in adult women, who may experience arthritis or arthralgia, often affecting the fingers, wrists and knees. These joint symptoms rarely last for more than a month after appearance of the rash. Rubella vaccine is given in combination measles, mumps, rubella MMR vaccine and is recommended for anyone born on or after January 1, who does not have laboratory evidence of rubella immunity.
Birth before is not acceptable evidence of rubella immunity for women who could become pregnant; women of childbearing age should have their immunity checked and receive rubella vaccine if needed. Although only one dose of rubella-containing vaccine is required as acceptable evidence of immunity to rubella, children should receive two doses of MMR vaccine. Rubella vaccine is first given on or after a child's first birthday as MMR vaccine.
Children usually receive the first dose between 12 and 15 months of age and the second dose prior to school entry at four to six years of age. In New York State, rubella vaccine is required of all children enrolled in all pre-kindergarten programs and schools. Healthcare personnel and college students are also required to demonstrate immunity against rubella. Rubella infection is dangerous because of its ability to damage an unborn baby.
If rubella immunization was discontinued, immunity to rubella would decline and rubella disease would return. The danger would be to pregnant women who, if infected, could pass the disease to their infants fetuses causing CRS. Maintaining high levels of rubella immunization in the community is critical to controlling the spread.
Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Transmission of Measles. Minus Related Pages. It spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
How measles spreads Measles is a highly contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat mucus of an infected person. Animals do not get or spread measles. Rubella is rare in many countries because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age.
In some parts of the world, the virus is still active. This is something to consider before going abroad, especially if you're pregnant. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women who have had rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection or inflammation of the brain. However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe, and in some cases, fatal.
This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including:. The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous. The rubella vaccine is usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella MMR vaccine. Doctors recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15 months of age, and again between 4 and 6 years of age — before entering school. It's particularly important that girls receive the vaccine to prevent rubella during future pregnancies.
Babies born to women who have received the vaccine or who are already immune are usually protected from rubella for six to eight months after birth. If a child requires protection from rubella before 12 months of age — for example, for certain foreign travel — the vaccine can be given as early as 6 months of age. But children who are vaccinated early still need to be vaccinated at the recommended ages later.
Widespread concerns have been raised about a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. However, extensive reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Academy of Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conclude that there is no scientifically proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism. There is also no scientific benefit to separating the vaccines. These organizations note that autism is often identified in toddlers between the ages of 18 and 30 months, which is about the time children are given their first MMR vaccine.
But this coincidence in timing typically shouldn't be mistaken for a cause-and-effect relationship. You typically should get a vaccine if you don't fit the criteria listed above and you:. If you have cancer, a blood disorder or another disease, or you take medication that affects your immune system, talk to your doctor before getting an MMR vaccine. If you've been exposed to the virus that causes rubella, you can help keep friends, family and co-workers safe by telling them about your diagnosis.
If your child has rubella, let the school or child care provider know. Most people experience no side effects from the vaccine. Some teens and adult women experience temporary joint pain or stiffness after receiving the vaccine.
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