However, the risk of developing ITP from measles or rubella infection is far greater than from having the vaccine. ITP usually gets better without treatment but, as with any rash, you should get advice from your GP as soon as possible. There's a small chance of having a seizure fit 6 to 11 days after the MMR vaccine. This can be caused by having a high temperature in response to the measles vaccine virus. It may sound alarming but having a seizure after the MMR vaccine is rare.
They happen in about 1 in every 1, doses given. In fact, MMR-related seizures are less frequent than seizures that happen as a direct result of a measles infection. It's rare for anyone to have a serious allergic reaction to a vaccine. The person who vaccinates you or your child will be trained to deal with allergic reactions and treat them immediately. With fast treatment, you or your child will make a good recovery. Let your doctor or nurse know if you or your child has had severe allergic reactions to:.
The MMR vaccine is safe for children and adults with a severe egg allergy. This is because the MMR vaccine is grown on chick cells, not the egg white or yolk. For more advice about what to expect after vaccinations and how to treat common side effects, read vaccination tips for parents. There's no evidence of any link between the MMR vaccine and autism. There are many studies that have investigated this. The main ingredient of the MMR vaccine is a small amount of weakened measles, mumps and rubella viruses.
MMRVaxPro contains porcine gelatine to ensure the vaccine remains safe and effective during storage. UK has more information about vaccines and porcine gelatine, including leaflets translated into Arabic, Bengali and Urdu. You can find a full list of ingredients in these patient information leaflets:. Read more about why vaccinations are safe and important , including how they work and what they contain.
Page last reviewed: 8 April Next review due: 8 April MMR measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. The MMR vaccine is a safe and effective combined vaccine. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Immunisation with MMRV Immunisation is the best protection against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox.
In Victoria, immunisation against these diseases is free of charge for: children at 12 months — the first immunisation is given as the MMR combination vaccine children at 18 months of age — the second immunisation is given as the MMRV combination vaccine young people up to and including 19 years of age who have not been fully immunised — young people can receive free National Immunisation Program catch-up vaccines women planning pregnancy or after the birth of their child — two doses of MMR are available for women who have low immunity or no immunity to rubella refugees and humanitarian entrants over 20 years of age — catch-up immunisations with MMR are available for people who have not been fully immunised people born during or since , without evidence of two documented doses of valid MMR vaccine or without a blood test showing evidence of immunity to measles, mumps and rubella, are eligible for one or two doses of MMR vaccine.
If two MMR doses are required they should be given a minimum of 28 days apart. If you have not received the vaccine, ask your doctor or immunisation provider about catch-up doses. Some of the possible causes of impaired immunity include: infection with human immunodeficiency virus HIV or the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS from an HIV infection taking certain medications, such as high-dose corticosteroids receiving immunosuppressive treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy having some types of cancer, such as Hodgkin's disease or leukaemia having an immune deficiency with extremely low levels of antibodies hypogammaglobulinaemia, multiple myeloma or chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Pregnancy and measles immunisation You should not be given the MMR vaccine if you are already pregnant. Pre-immunisation checklist Before immunisation, it is important that you tell your immunisation provider if you or your child : are unwell have a temperature over The MMRV vaccine can cause a mild chickenpox-like rash five to 26 days after vaccination.
Managing fever after immunisation The following treatment options can reduce the effects of fever after immunisation: Give extra fluids to drink and do not overdress children if they have a fever.
Although routine use of paracetamol after vaccination is not recommended, if fever is present, paracetamol can be given — check the label for the correct dose or speak with your pharmacist, especially when giving paracetamol to children. Managing injection site discomfort Vaccines may cause soreness, redness, itching, swelling or burning at the injection site for one to two days.
Concerns about side effects If a side effect following immunisation is unexpected, persistent or severe, or if you are worried about yourself or your child's condition after a vaccination, see your doctor or immunisation nurse as soon as possible, or go directly to a hospital. Uncommon and rare side effects Uncommon or rare side effects of the MMR and MMRV vaccines include: fever causing seizure febrile convulsions — occurs in about 1 out of 3, young children vaccinated temporary pain and stiffness in the joints — this is rare in young children, but more common in people immunised during their teenage years or as adult women temporary low platelet count, causing bleeding or bruising — may occur after the first dose of MMR vaccine in about one out of 20, to 30, vaccinations.
Immunisation and HALO The immunisations you may need are decided by your health, age, lifestyle and occupation. Pre-immunisation checklist — what to tell your doctor or nurse before immunisation , , Department of Health and Human Services, Victorian Government. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful?
Yes No. All family and other close contacts of people with compromised immune systems 12 months of age and older should receive two doses of MMR vaccine separated by 28 days, unless they have other presumptive evidence of measles immunity. People 12 months of age and older with HIV infection who do not have presumptive evidence of measles immunity or evidence of severe immunosuppression should receive two doses of MMR vaccine, separated by 28 days.
The ACIP recommends re-vaccinating anyone who received measles vaccine of unknown type, inactivated measles vaccine, or further attenuated measles vaccine accompanied by IG or high-titer measles immune globulin no longer available in the United States during these years with 1 or 2 doses.
During measles outbreaks, health departments may provide additional recommendations to protect their communities. The at-risk population is defined by local and state health departments and depends on the epidemiology of the outbreak e. In addition to the routine recommendations for MMR vaccine, health departments may recommend a second dose for adults or an earlier second dose for children 1 to 4 years of age who are residing in or visiting the affected areas, with the second dose given at least 28 days after the first dose.
If there is ongoing community-wide transmission affecting young infants, health departments may recommend an early dose for infants 6 to 11 months of age.
The decision to vaccinate should be made carefully after weighing the risks of the potential long-term impact of lower immune responses when infants are vaccinated less than 12 months of age versus greater than or equal to 12 months of age compared to the benefit of early protection when measles is circulating in the community.
Infants who get one dose of MMR vaccine before their first birthday should get two more doses according to the routinely recommended schedule first dose should be given at 12 through 15 months of age and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age. The second dose can be administered earlier as long as at least 28 days have elapsed since the first dose.
During an outbreak of measles in a healthcare facility, or in healthcare facilities serving a measles outbreak area, two doses of MMR vaccine are recommended for healthcare personnel, regardless of birth year, who lack other presumptive evidence of measles immunity. Contraindications and precautions to vaccination generally dictate circumstances when vaccines will not be given. Most contraindications and precautions are temporary, and the vaccine can be given at a later time.
A contraindication is a condition in a recipient that greatly increases the chance of a serious adverse reaction or due to the theoretical risk in the case of pregnant women. A precaution is a condition in a recipient that might increase the chance or severity of a serious adverse reaction, or that might compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity such as administering MMR or MMRV vaccine to a person with passive immunity to measles from a blood transfusion.
People exposed to measles who cannot readily show that they have adequate presumptive evidence of immunity against measles should be offered post-exposure prophylaxis PEP. Public health officials can help identify eligible persons, assess any contraindications and weigh benefits. Access contact information here: www. If there is an outbreak in my area, can we vaccinate children younger than 12 months? MMR can be given to children as young as 6 months of age who are at high risk of exposure such as during international travel or a community outbreak.
How does being born before confer immunity to measles? People born before lived through several years of epidemic measles before the first measles vaccine was licensed in As a result, these people are very likely to have had measles disease.
Persons born before can be presumed to be immune. However, if serologic testing indicates that the person is not immune, at least 1 dose of MMR should be administered. Why is a second dose of MMR necessary? This occurs for a variety of reasons. The second dose is to provide another chance to develop measles immunity for people who did not respond to the first dose.
Are there any situations where more than 2 doses of MMR are recommended? There are two circumstances when a third dose of MMR is recommended. ACIP recommends that women of childbearing age who have received 2 doses of rubella-containing vaccine and have rubella serum IgG levels that are not clearly positive should receive 1 additional dose of MMR vaccine maximum of 3 doses. Further testing for serologic evidence of rubella immunity is not recommended.
MMR should not be administered to a pregnant woman. More information about this recommendation is available at www. When is it appropriate to use MMR vaccine for measles post-exposure prophylaxis? MMR vaccine given within 72 hours of initial measles exposure can reduce the risk of getting sick or reduce the severity of symptoms. Another option for exposed, measles-susceptible individuals at high risk of complications who cannot be vaccinated is to give immunoglobulin IG within six days of exposure.
Information on post-exposure prophylaxis for measles can be found in the ACIP guidance at www. Do any adults need "booster" doses of MMR vaccine to prevent measles?
Adults with evidence of immunity do not need any further vaccines. No "booster" doses of MMR vaccine are recommended for either adults or children. They are considered to have life-long immunity once they have received the recommended number of MMR vaccine doses or have other evidence of immunity. Many people who were young children in the s do not have records indicating what type of measles vaccine they received in the mids.
What measles vaccine was most frequently given in that time period? That guidance would assist many older people who would prefer not to be revaccinated. Both killed and live attenuated measles vaccines became available in Live attenuated vaccine was used more often than killed vaccine. The killed vaccine was found to be not effective and people who received it should be revaccinated with live vaccine.
Without a written record, it is not possible to know what type of vaccine an individual may have received. So persons born during or after who received killed measles vaccine or measles vaccine of unknown type, or who cannot document having been vaccinated or having laboratory-confirmed measles disease should receive at least 1 dose of MMR. Some people at increased risk of exposure to measles such as healthcare professionals and international travelers should receive 2 doses of MMR separated by at least 4 weeks.
Do people who received MMR in the s need to have their dose repeated? Not necessarily. People who have documentation of receiving live measles vaccine in the s do not need to be revaccinated. People who were vaccinated prior to with either inactivated killed measles vaccine or measles vaccine of unknown type should be revaccinated with at least one dose of live attenuated measles vaccine. This recommendation is intended to protect people who may have received killed measles vaccine which was available in the United States in through and was not effective.
People vaccinated before with either killed mumps vaccine or mumps vaccine of unknown type who are at high risk for mumps infection such as people who work in a healthcare facility should be considered for revaccination with 2 doses of MMR vaccine. I understand that ACIP changed its definition of evidence of immunity to measles, rubella, and mumps in Please explain.
In the revision of its MMR vaccine recommendations ACIP includes laboratory confirmation of disease as evidence of immunity for measles, mumps, and rubella. ACIP removed physician diagnosis of disease as evidence of immunity for measles and mumps. Physician diagnosis of disease had not previously been accepted as evidence of immunity for rubella.
With the decrease in measles and mumps cases over the last 30 years, the validity of physician-diagnosed disease has become questionable. In addition, documenting history from physician records is not a practical option for most adults. Is there anything that can be done for unvaccinated people who have already been exposed to measles, mumps, or rubella? Measles vaccine, given as MMR, may be effective if given within the first 3 days 72 hours after exposure to measles.
Immune globulin may be effective for as long as 6 days after exposure. Postexposure prophylaxis with MMR vaccine does not prevent or alter the clinical severity of mumps or rubella. However, if the exposed person does not have evidence of mumps or rubella immunity they should be vaccinated since not all exposures result in infection.
What are the current ACIP recommendations for use of immune globulin IG for measles, mumps, and rubella post-exposure prophylaxis? The dose of IGIM is 0. Alternatively, MMR vaccine can be given instead of IGIM to infants age 6 through 11 months, if it can be given within 72 hours of exposure. Other people who do not have evidence of measles immunity can receive an IGIM dose of 0. Give priority to people who were exposed to measles in settings where they have intense, prolonged close contact such as household, child care, classroom, etc.
IG is not indicated for persons who have received 1 dose of measles-containing vaccine at age 12 months or older unless they are severely immunocompromised. IG should not be used to control measles outbreaks. IG has not been shown to prevent mumps or rubella infection after exposure and is not recommended for that purpose.
What type of vaccine should these students receive? Single antigen vaccine is no longer available in the U. If a college student or other person at increased risk of exposure cannot produce written documentation of either immunization or disease, and titers are negative, they should receive two doses of MMR.
I have patients who claim to remember receiving MMR vaccine but have no written record, or whose parents report the patient has been vaccinated. Should I accept this as evidence of vaccination? Self-reported doses and history of vaccination provided by a parent or other caregiver are not considered to be valid.
You should only accept a written, dated record as evidence of vaccination. Under what circumstances should adults be considered for testing for measles-specific antibody prior to getting vaccinated?
Adults without evidence of immunity and no contraindications to MMR vaccine can be vaccinated without testing. Only adults without evidence of immunity might be considered for testing for measles-specific IgG antibody, but testing is not needed prior to vaccination. CDC does not recommend measles antibody testing after MMR vaccination to verify the patient's immune response to vaccination.
Two documented doses of MMR vaccine given on or after the first birthday and separated by at least 28 days is considered proof of measles immunity, according to ACIP.
Documentation of appropriate vaccination supersedes the results of serologic testing for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. A patient born in has a history of measles disease and is also immunosuppressed due to multiple myeloma. The patient wants to travel to Africa, but is concerned about the measles exposure risk. Should the patient receive the MMR vaccine? A history of having had measles is not sufficient evidence of measles immunity.
A positive serologic test for measles-specific IgG will confirm that the person is immune and is not at risk of infection regardless of the multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer and is considered immunosuppressive so MMR vaccine is contraindicated in this person. We have adult patients in our practice at high risk for measles, including patients going back to college or preparing for international travel, who don't remember ever receiving MMR vaccine or having had measles disease.
How should we manage these patients? You have two options. You can test for immunity or you can just give 2 doses of MMR at least 4 weeks apart.
There is no harm in giving MMR vaccine to a person who may already be immune to one or more of the vaccine viruses. If you or the patient opt for testing, and the tests indicate the patient is not immune to one or more of the vaccine components, give your patient 2 doses of MMR at least 4 weeks apart.
If any test results are indeterminate or equivocal, consider your patient nonimmune. ACIP does not recommend serologic testing after vaccination because commercial tests may not be sensitive enough to reliably detect vaccine-induced immunity. I have a year-old patient who is traveling to Haiti for a mission trip. She doesn't recall ever getting an MMR booster she didn't go to college and never worked in health care. She was rubella immune when pregnant 20 years ago.
Her measles titer is negative. Would you recommend an MMR booster? ACIP recommends 2 doses of MMR given at least 4 weeks apart for any adult born in or later who plans to travel internationally. A patient who was born before and is not a healthcare worker wants to get the MMR vaccine before international travel.
Does he need a dose of MMR? No, it is not considered necessary, but he may be vaccinated. Before implementation of the national measles vaccination program in , virtually every person acquired measles before adulthood.
So, this patient can be considered immune based on their birth year. However, MMR vaccine also may be given to any person born before who does not have a contraindication to MMR vaccination.
Routine testing of patients born before for measles-specific antibody is not recommended by CDC. We have measles cases in our community. How can I best protect the young children in my practice? First of all, make sure all your patients are fully vaccinated according to the U. In certain circumstances, MMR is recommended for infants age 6 through 11 months. Give infants this age a dose of MMR before international travel. In addition, consider measles vaccination for infants as young as age 6 months as a control measure during a U.
Consult your state health department to find out if this is recommended in your situation. Do not count any dose of MMR vaccine as part of the 2-dose series if it is administered before a child's first birthday. Instead, repeat the dose when the child is age 12 months. In the case of a local outbreak, you also might consider vaccinating children age 12 months and older at the minimum age 12 months, instead of 12 through 15 months and giving the second dose 4 weeks later at the minimum interval instead of waiting until age 4 through 6 years.
Finally, remember that infants too young for routine vaccination and people with medical conditions that contraindicate measles immunization depend on high MMR vaccination coverage among those around them.
Be sure to encourage all your patients and their family members to get vaccinated if they are not immune. In recent years, mumps outbreaks have occurred primarily in populations in institutional settings with close contact such as residential colleges or in close-knit social groups. The current routine recommendation for 2 doses of MMR vaccine appears to be sufficient for mumps control in the general population, but insufficient for preventing mumps outbreaks in prolonged, close-contact settings, even where coverage with 2 doses of MMR vaccine is high.
In a measles outbreak, do children who have not had MMR vaccine pose a threat to vaccinated people? It is my understanding that vaccinated people can still contract measles. Am I correct? You are correct that vaccinated people can still be infected with viruses or bacteria against which they are vaccinated. More information is available for each vaccine and disease at www. Should these doses be repeated? All live injected vaccines MMR, varicella, and yellow fever are recommended to be given subcutaneously.
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