He called on GOP leaders to publicly denounce such talk. In late May he expressed support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. He had earlier supported the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell.
Powell married Alma Johnson on August 25, His daughters are Linda Powell, an actress, and Annemarie Powell. As a hobby, Powell restores old Volvo and Saab cars. He acknowledged a "very personal" email relationship but denied further involvement. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country.
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Army Staff Identification Badge. August 9, , p. Retrieved October 20, The Guardian. May 17, New York Daily News. Retrieved October 19, He became an officer after graduation, leaving Sickser's with a smattering of Yiddish Colin L. Powell Ret. Washington Post. July 28, Retrieved April 30, The Biography Channel. Retrieved May 31, Powell biography ".
The White House. April 29, Retrieved February 3, Retrieved 7 December Jungle Snafus And Remedies. ISBN OCLC Twenty-First Century Books. New York, New York: U. Department of State. May 4, Archived from the original on January 10, Retrieved August 29, Joint History Office, U. Department of Defense. August 10, Retrieved April 24, Colin Powell: A Political Biography.
March ISSN Retrieved February 21, Powell for his military proficiency. Armed Forces: War in the Gulf. Thorndike Press. Bill Clinton: Mastering the Presidency. Retrieved February 22, Powell, they decided, was not Bradley. Besides, as George Stephanopoulos noted, if they gave him one more star, it might help him one day politically. December 7, President of the Republic of Bulgaria.
It Worked for Me. American Express. Retrieved 12 April Texas Child Care Quartery. Summer The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 24, The New York Times. October 28, October 19, November 9, Our Campaigns. Powell Center for Public Policy". Retrieved 16 February February 5, New York City: U. Archived from the original on January 9, Scholar Uncredited in Iraq Report".
Retrieved June 26, February 7, He was, by his own admission, an average scholar who left high school with no positive career plans. Powell later described it as one of the happiest experiences of his life. After graduation in , he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the US Army.
He underwent basic training in Georgia, where his colour saw him refused service in bars and restaurants. In , he was one of thousands of advisers sent to South Vietnam by President Kennedy to bolster the local army against the threat from the communist North.
During his tour Powell was injured by stepping on a punji stick, a sharpened wooden stake hidden in the ground and used as a booby trap. In , he returned to Vietnam, receiving a decoration for bravery after surviving a helicopter crash in which he rescued three other soldiers from the burning wreckage. He was assigned to investigate a letter from a serving soldier that reinforced allegations of a massacre at My Lai in March , in which US soldiers killed hundreds of civilians, including children.
Powell's conclusion, that "in direct refutation of this portrayal, relations between American soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent", flew in the face of growing evidence of brutal treatment of civilians by US forces.
He was later accused of "whitewashing" the news of the massacre, details of which did not finally become public until Powell was now seen as a rising star. There was a period as a lieutenant-colonel in South Korea before a move to the Pentagon as a staff officer.
After a spell at an army college, he was promoted to brigadier-general and commanded the st Airborne Division before taking up an advisory role in government. He worked for a time in the Carter administration and then became senior military aide to Caspar Weinberger, the Secretary of State for Defence appointed by the incoming president, Ronald Reagan.
Powell's term, however, was soon dominated by the challenges the Bush Administration faced after the September 11, , terrorist attacks. Powell was one of the foremost supporters of taking swift military action against al-Qaeda and demanded immediate cooperation from Afghanistan and Pakistan in the U.
When the Administration's attention shifted to Iraq and the possibility that Saddam Hussein was manufacturing weapons of mass destruction WMD , Powell pressed to have UN inspectors investigate. In February , Powell presented intelligence to the UN that supported the claim that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and could produce more. In , some of the intelligence that Powell had brought before the UN in was found to be erroneous. After initially difficult Administration interactions with Russia and China, Powell worked to improve both bilateral relationships.
Prominent among these efforts were management of U. While on his second Vietnam tour of duty from to , the year-old Army major was given the assignment of investigating the My Lai massacre. In this incident, more than civilians were killed by U. Army forces. Powell's report seemed to refute the allegations of wrongdoing and stated, "Relations between American soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent.
Despite his injury, he managed to rescue his comrades from the burning helicopter, for which he was awarded the Soldier's Medal. In all, Powell has received 11 military decorations, including the Legion of Merit. He was assigned to the Office of Management and Budget during the Nixon administration and made a lasting impression on Caspar Weinberger and Frank Carlucci.
Both men would consult Powell for advice when they served as secretary of defense and national security adviser, respectively, in the Reagan administration.
Colonel Powell served a tour of duty in Korea in as a battalion commander and after that, he obtained a staff job at the Pentagon. He was promoted to brigadier general in and commanded the 2nd Brigade of the st Airborne Division. In the Carter administration, Powell was an assistant to the deputy secretary of defense and the secretary of energy. Promoted to major general, he again assisted Frank Carlucci at the Department of Defense during the transition from the Carter to the Reagan administration.
He then served as senior military aide to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, helping to coordinate the invasion of Granada and the bombing of Libya. In , Powell became national security adviser, a post he held for the duration of the Reagan administration. While there, he coordinated technical and policy advisers during Reagan's summit meetings with Soviet President Gorbachev and his conferences to topple the pro-Communist Sandinista government in Nicaragua.
It was discovered that the administration had arranged for covert and illegal shipments of U. Proceeds from the sale of the weapons would go to support the counter-insurgency movement in Nicaragua, which was aimed at toppling the Sandinistas.
Such support had been prohibited by Congress since Powell was asked to testify before Congress about the incident, but he was not implicated in any wrongdoing.
In , President George H. The post is the highest military position in the Department of Defense, and Powell was the first African American officer to receive that distinction.
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