Although magazines had been running illustrations since the 19th century, as photography grew in popularity so did picture magazines. Within weeks of its initial publication, Life had a circulation of 1 million.
Widely credited with establishing photojournalism, Life captured the attention of many on first read. With 96 large-format glossy pages, even the inaugural issue sold out. While Life was the most influential picture magazine, it was certainly not the only photo-centric publication. Popular biweekly picture magazine Look printed between and , claiming to compete with Life by reaching out to a larger audience. Although Look offered Life stiff competition during their almost identical print runs, the latter magazine is widely considered to have a greater legacy.
During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the advent of online technology began to greatly affect both the magazine industry and the print media as a whole. Much like newspaper publishers, magazine publishers have had to rethink their structure to reach out to an increasingly online market. The specifics of the changes made to the magazine industry will be discussed in further detail later in this chapter.
Select a magazine that you enjoy reading and research its history. Then, answer the following writing prompts. All Rights Reserved. Skip to content 8 4. Identify the changes that took place in magazine printing in the s United States.
Describe the trends in journalism that arose during the 20th century. Early Magazines After the printing press became prevalent in Europe, early publishers began to conceptualize the magazine. Germany, France, and the Netherlands Lead the Way German theologian and poet Johann Rist published the first true magazine between and Mass-Appeal Magazines All this changed during the s when publishers began taking advantage of a general decline in the cost of printing and mailing publications and started producing less-expensive magazines with a wider audience in mind.
Early 20th-Century Developments The arrival of the 20th century brought with it new types of magazines, including news, business, and picture magazines. Newsmagazines As publishers became interested in succinctly presenting the fresh increase of worldwide information that technology made available during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, they designed the newsmagazine.
Picture Magazines Photojournalism , or the telling of stories through photography, also became popular during the early 20th century. Into the 21st Century During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the advent of online technology began to greatly affect both the magazine industry and the print media as a whole. Key Takeaways The first magazine was published in Germany during the 17th century.
The success of this publication led to the introduction of magazines across Europe. During the 17th and 18th centuries, publishers founded several different types of periodicals aimed at diverse audiences, including the elite and women. The s triggered the arrival of mass circulation magazines in the United States.
Publishers began offering less expensive magazines to a wider audience, promoting greater consumption of the print media. The introduction of newsmagazines and picture magazines dramatically changed the U. Today, newsmagazines such as Time and Newsweek continue to dominate the magazine industry. Exercises Select a magazine that you enjoy reading and research its history. When was it founded, and by whom? Is the magazine similar to the early European and U.
Why or why not? In fact, a much more apt comparison for Vogue , in terms of audience size, is The New Yorker , which was likewise marketed to a restricted audience of educated readers with high disposable incomes. And yet we tend to consider The New Yorker an intellectual periodical, less directly implicated in the logic of capitalism than are the fashion magazines.
I think there are three reasons. First, many critics writing about them are primarily interested in the extent to which they showcased modernism. Therefore, they compare Vanity Fair and Vogue to the experimental little magazines of the early twentieth century, which had subscription lists of only a few hundred. They offered advice on how to run a home on a limited budget.
The Mass Circulation National Magazine, the Bestseller, and Records Also during the s the world of magazine publishing was revolutionized by the rise of the country's first mass circulation national magazines. The poetry, serious fiction, and wood engravings that filled these monthly's pages rigidly conformed to upper-class Victorian standards of taste.
These magazines embodied what the philosopher George Santayana called the "genteel tradition," the idea that art and literature should reinforce morality not portray reality. Art and literature, the custodians of culture believed, should transcend the real and uphold the ideal. Poet James Russell Lowell spoke for other genteel writers when he said that no man should describe any activity that would make his wife or daughter blush.
The founders of the nation's first mass-circulation magazines considered the older "quality" magazines stale and elitist. In contrast, their magazines featured practical advice, popularized science, gossip, human interest stories, celebrity profiles, interviews, "muckraking" investigations, pictures, articles on timely topics--and a profusion of ads.
Instead of cultivating a select audience, the new magazines had a very different set of priorities. By running popular articles, editors sought to maximize circulation, which, in turn, attracted advertising that kept the magazine's price low.
The end of the 19th century also marked a critical turning point in the history of book publishing, as marketing wizards like Frank Doubleday organized the first national book promotional campaigns, created the modern best seller, and transformed popular writers like Jack London into celebrities. The world of the Victorian man of letters, the defender of "Culture" against "Anarchy," had ended.
At the International Exposition in Paris in , 30, people lined up to see the first demonstration of Thomas Edison's phonograph. The phonograph was treated as a dictation machine for a decade after Thomas Edison invented it in It was not until that cylinders of recorded music were first sold.
In , cylinders gave way to discs. Advertising In , the National Biscuit Company Nabisco launched the first million dollar national advertising campaign. It succeeded in making Uneeda biscuits and their water-proof "In-er-Seal" box popular household items. During the s and s, patent medicine manufacturers, department stores, and producers of low price packaged consumer goods like Campbell Soups, H.
Heinz, and Quaker Oats , developed modern advertising techniques. Where earlier advertisers made little use of brand names illustrations, or trademarks, the new ads made use of snappy slogans and colorful packages.
As early as , advertisements began to use psychology to arouse consumer demand by suggesting that a product would contribute to the consumer's social and psychic well-being. To induce purchases, observed a trade journal in , a consumer "must be aroused, excited, terrified.
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